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Final Major Projects and Theis Thesis

Week 7: Animal Farm review + notes (chapter1-5)

In the coming two weeks, I will re-read The Animal Farm and do some notes to assist me use them as a reference in my thesis in the future–

Here are my notes between the first and the fifth chapter:

Chapter 1:

  • By reading Animal Farm, the first chapter depicts the rebellion was led by the ‘old major’ in Mr Jones’ farm with other animals, which they agreed beings with two legs like their lord Jones are bad, who is doing no labors but only set them to work.  The old major led the farm animals to sing the song ‘beasts of england’ in this topic, which represented their determination of seeking of freedom in their life.

Chapter 2:

  • The second chapter talks about two young boars, snowball and napoleon took most duty left by the old Major after his death. They structured a system called ‘animalism’, and letting the other animals trust it is a must to expel Mr Jones and his men in the farm through the successful action of fight. Without being physically controlled anymore, they listed main principles of animalism to seven commandments through the three months studies of read and write.

Chapter 3:

  • The third chapter points out pigs took the leadership in the farm with their superior knowledges, while they were not doing any practical work. 
  • For the other animals, they overcame difficulties of using human being’s tools and received a lot of pleasures by getting more food to eat, working with a more balanced task allocation.
  • Pigs painted their flag on an old green table cloth to represent their future republic of the animals with the weekly meeting started running.
  • Main boars in this novel, Snowball and Napoleon always have opposite arguments in their plans and decisions of the farm.
  • Harness room became a headquarters for pigs to learn and study, pig Snowball formed most committees for the farm such as the egg production committee for the hens. However, due to the gap of intelligence quotient between different animals in the farm, not every one of them knew the whole alphabet. 
  • (P38-39) Apples were being commented to bring to the harness room for pigs, due to they assumed themselves as the most important brain workers in the farm. Also, the milk was mixed into pig’s mash in everyday. 
  • (P39) On the sake of gaining more food, pigs threatened the other animals that Mr Jones would be back with their failures in arranging the farm.

Chapter 4:

  • This chapter shows about how did Mr Jones moan of the animal farm and his experience in the red look at willing-don (P40). And how the owners Mr Pilkington and Mr Frederick respectively from the adjoined farms Foxwood and Pinchfield (P41) were terrified by the animal farm, or Manor Farm, from what they called it. 
  • Meanwhile, human beings raised up their hatred to the  song of ‘Beast of England’ (P42). 
  • Another war carried by Mr Jones and his men were happening in early October, which was been expected and well prepared to defense by the animal farm, it ended up with retreating human beings, the death of the sheep; and the wound of Snowball.  

Chapter 5:

  • This chapter starts with Mollie, the foolish and pretty mane, had been seen with a Mr Pilkington’s man in a morning (P47). With her drastically disagreements in responding to the truth, she reappeared on the other side of Willing-ton to work for a smart dog cart ran by a fat red faced man who feed her with sugars (P48).
  • (P49) The ongoing argument between Snowball and Napoleon: Napoleon was better at canvassing support from the sheep, Snowball was more successful with his brilliant speeches and ideas learnt from ‘Farm and Stockbreeder’.
  • (P51) Napoleon held aloof with Snowball’s plan of building up a dynamo in the farm, and he was strongly against the windmill publicly from the start.
  • (P52) Benjamin the donkey, was the one not voting for either side of plans of two boars. 
  • (P53-55) Snowball had been attacked and expelled by nine enormous dogs reared privately by Napoleon through the meeting, after he let most animals believe on his plan of building up a windmill. 
  • (P55) After snowball had been expelled, weekly meeting in Sunday morning had been replaced by special committee of pigs. 
  • (P56) The control taken by mainly pigs had raised up protests by the other animals, however, all arguments were terminating with sheep’s tremendous bleating of ‘four legs good, two legs bad!’
  • (P57) The porker pig Squealer, his trick of turn black into white had been constantly used to persuade the other animals with Napoleon’s plans. 
  • (P58) Napoleon copied the windmill plan and creation organized by Snowball after expelled the latter. 

Here are my notes on the paper:

Categories
Advanced and Experimental 3D computer Animation project 1

Week 10: 3D Previs Outcome

Here is the final outcome of my 3D previs after 10 weeks development, through creating gags in this animation to explore the meanings behind our daily item ‘underwear’— it has hopefully created a romantic story between a male and a female character.

Categories
Advanced and Experimental 3D computer Animation project 1

Week 9: 3D Previs Update

In this week I have focused on a few little details of my 3D previs left to be adjusted. Here are what I have changed by following the feedback:

I exaggerated the movement of my male character when he lied on the ground and wanting his underwear back from the female character under a high angle shot.

I adjusted the time of the cut in the mind world, to ensure they are not looking so interruptive.

I make sure the male character turns onto its left during the moment he feels embarrassed, and so his face could easily face the camera. And linking to his shit in the next shot.

Categories
Advanced and Experimental 3D computer Animation project 1

Week 8: 3D Previs Update

in this week I have kept developing my 3D previs by following my lecturer’s feedback, and here are what I have improved:

When the underwear is landing on the male character’s face, there would be a few seconds in still before the female character leans forward and pick it up.

I changed the camera position of shooting the moment when the female character picks the underwear up.

I get rid of the medium long shot in the mind world of the female character, as there are too many cuts, which messes up the scene a little bit.

I adjusted the movement flow of how does the underwear fly through the moment approaching to the female character.

I extend the time of the shot where my female character shows her prop from her pocket.

I adjusted her movement through the time she lifts up her arm.

I extend the time of the shot where both of my characters show their underwear.

I extend the time of the moment where my two characters look at each other, before they kill in the last shot of the animation.

Categories
Advanced and Experimental 3D computer Animation project 1

Week 7: 3D Previs Update

In this week I carry on in adjusting the camera composition and angles with characters poses in my 3D Previs, here are some of my progression:

The beginning medium long shot starts quicker where two characters meet which audiences could see them more clearly:

I slightly moved camera in this two shot to avoid the overlap in two characters:

When the female character is observing the flying down underwear landing on the male character’s face, I changed to use the medium shot instead of the close-up:

I adjust the pose which needs more space:

Changed a few poses:

Adjusting the ending camera, and also adjusting the ending pose into a much intimate one:

In next week I will be focusing on the timing of shots and see if any of them need to be checked again.

Categories
FMP Thesis

Week 6 Continuous Research on my Topic + Draft Proposal

In this week, I have kept looking at my chosen topic ‘Anthropomorphism’ and focusing on the discourses of design of anthropomorphic characters in animations by reading Paul Well’s Understanding Animation:

In chapter 5, page 203- 204, it mentions about the tendency of creating anthropomorphic characters in opposite genders: the male tends to be defined as how they perform, and the female tends to be defined as how they looked like in a stereotypical way. Most of the time, male characters are more masculine, cunning and aggressive while in opposite binary, female characters are passive and sentimental.

The example of it is shown through the famous characters Micky and Minnie created by the well known Disney animator, that he described Minnie is drawn in the same structure as Minnie only she has been added more make-up on her face, and with a more female poses and costume to show her mannerisms to please audiences.

However it’s also been pointed out that anthropomorphic characters are over juvenilised through their signifiers to please the adult audiences.

Beside, there are also anthropomorphic characters interfere with the concept of ‘gender-bleeding’ shown in the animation such as Tom and Jerry, which ends up a complicating structure of relationship between characters in their story, and their sexuality becomes unstable to define the representation of genders of themselves.

in page 23 of Understanding Animation, it points out early animation uses Anthropomorphic characters include:

  1. Gertie the Dinosaur 
  2. Felix the Cat
  3. Mickey Mouse

Disney company has developed the concept into achieving the hyper-realism in their future work. However, scholars Patrick D. Murphy and Richard Schickel argues these characters hide their natural terrors or wildness through cuteness, joke and musical cues in the performance. 

By looking at the proposal questions, I have started my response as shown below:

The essence of including anthropomorphism in animation

  1. How anthropomorphism was structured under the cultural background
  2. How do the anthropomorphic characters signify the meaning behind the political issue?
  3. How anthropomorphic characters help to create gags in the film
  4. The destabilisation of anthropomorphic characters in media studies

Brief Outline:

The use of anthropomorphic characters is commonly seen in old and contemporary media, including animation and films. This thesis will discuss the source of anthropomorphism in art history, the benefit of bringing it to the animation industry, the political meanings relating to a few anthropomorphic animated films, and the destabilisation of ethical issues potentially included in different media forms.   

My methodologies include researching related articles, reading well-known novels, and watching animated films, surrounding my chosen concept ‘anthropomorphism’. Eventually I will be gathering clues and comparing each element I have used in different topics to structure a result.

Hopefully, the reader can form a good structural understanding of anthropomorphism and add it to their creation of art.

Brief Literature:

Starting from the modernism period, where more revolutions happen in people’s lives due to the second world war, more hyperrealist characters show the feature of anthropomorphism appearing in the animation industry. By reading Paul Well’s Understanding Animation and Animation and America, which provides me a concept of how these anthropomorphic characters bring new meanings and gags to the stories and audiences. Through reading George Orwell’s book Animal Farm, it displays anthropomorphic characters designed to reveal political issues of socialist revolution sarcastically. By reading the articles produced by Claire Molloy, they allow me to view potential risks hidden in the use of anthropomorphic characters in media studies.

Bibliography

Topic 1:

  1. Wells, P., 2002. Animation and America. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press Ltd.
  2. Singal, D.J., 1987. Towards a definition of American modernism. American Quarterly, 39(1), pp.7-26.

Topic 2:

  1. Orwell, G., 2024. Animal Farm. Wordsworth Editions Limited.
  2. Elaheh, F., 2011. Symbols, metaphors and similes in literature: a case study of Animal Farm. Islamic Azad University.
  3. Letemendia, V.C., 1992. Revolution on Animal Farm: Orwell’s neglected commentary. Journal of Modern Literature, 18(1), pp.127-137.
  4. Fajrina, D., 2016. Character metaphors in George Orwell’s animal farm. Studies in English Language and Education, 3(1), pp.79-88.
  5. Animal Farm (1954) Directed by J. Batchelor. [Feature film]. United Kingdom: Associated British-Pathé.
  6. SnarkTheMagicDragon (2015) Revolt Of The Toys 1946. 20 June. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G5a31idiJz8&t=480s (Accessed: 5 March 2025).
  7. The M3 Media Collection (2021) The Tale of the Fox (1937) English Subtitles Best Quality. 25 July. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2dCvmEY_9fo (Accessed: 5 March 2025).
  8. Steve Cutts (2020) The Turning Point. 1 Jane. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p7LDk4D3Q3U (Accessed: 5 March 2025).

Topic 3:

  1. Wells, P., 1998. Understanding animation. Routledge.
  2. mcanguish1977 (2013) How a Mosquito Operates (1912) Winsor McCay animation. 29 July. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=77cn30IeZPU&t=81s (Accessed: 5 March 2025).
  3. Open Culture (2016) Gertie the Dinosaur (1914). 27 November. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=32pzHWUTcPc (Accessed: 5 March 2025).

Topic 4:

  1. Molloy, C., 2011. Popular media and animals. Springer.
  2. Molloy, C., 2006. Discourses of anthropomorphism. Liverpool John Moores University (United Kingdom).

In the following few weeks, I will be keep reading the research article and ends up more points for my outline and literature reviews.

Categories
Advanced and Experimental 3D computer Animation project 1

Week 6: 3D Previs Update

In this week I have concentrated on adjusting the composition of a few shots, and leaving more space for characters, in my 3D previs after receiving feedback:

I have also changed some poses to focus more on the character movement:

When the male character falls down on the floor I have tried to add a camera shake through changing the attributes and following the online tutorial below:

Plus I have also relocated the camera to face the front view of the male:

Beside, through the feedback session I have been told to be careful with the over-lapping areas and try to avoid them through moving the camera or posing the character again in the set:

Categories
FMP Thesis

Week 5: Continuous Research on my Topic

In this week I have added a few point to my research and reviewed more online journeys to pursue the knowledge, Beside I have finished reading the Animal Farm written by George Orwell, which is a good piece of example to link my topic ‘Anthropomorphism’ and political issue from the last century.

About the historic background when anthropomorphic characters started appearing in the animations and films, in the journey ‘Towards a Definition of American Modernism’, page 7-8 have pointed out:

( https://www.jstor.org/stable/2712627?seq=1 )

It is a culture to critique the contrast between the modernisation of technologies and dehumanisation as a representation of ambivalence.

From the same journey, page 10-11 point out:

Modernism raised early from symbolism and impressionism, which were built up through different art forms such as symbolist and paintings they emphasise on what they have been effected emotionally through the object instead focusing on the real thing. They explore beyond world structure under the positivism while sharing more unpredictable experience from human perception.

After reading journals around Animal Farm, here is what I gathered in my notes:

<Animal Farm>

Inspiring history located:

https://academicjournals.org/article/article1379412793_Fadaee.pdf/1000

The characters in Animal Farm were created by the author as metaphors for the Soviet Union leaders in beginning of the 20 century. Based on the analysis of characters in the story, the writer of the journey Symbols, metaphors and similes in literature: A case study of “Animal Farm”, page 5, found the resemblances of characters of the government’s leaders at the time to the following animals found in the story.

In Revolution on Animal Farm:

Orwell’s Neglected Commen

https://www.jstor.org/stable/3831551?seq=1

P127-p128 points out the political meaning hidden behind the text by its author, and revealing the revolution of democratic socialist represented by the Animal farm:

In Character Metaphors in George Orwell’s Animal Farm, Chapter four points out the real character which been metaphorically exposed by anthropomorphic animals: 

https://web.archive.org/web/20180412075731id_/http://www.jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/SiELE/article/viewFile/3391/3177

Real characters anthropomorphism: (p6)

Revolution on Animal Farm: Orwell’s Neglected Commentary

https://www.jstor.org/stable/3831551?seq=9

page 135: the concept of ‘socialism’ and its danger through the whole book, its benefits overlay on top of the Russian regime:

Page 137: Concepts in the book/animation

Difficulty of the socialist revolution: ‘if people outside still thought that that particular form of revolution could succeed without betraying its goals, nothing new could be accomplished.’

Page 136:

Unless everyone makes the revolution for him or herself without surrendering power to an elite, there will be little hope for freedom or equality. A revolution in which violence and conspiracy become the tools most resorted to, one which is led by a consciously or unconsciously power-hungry group, will inevitably betray its own principles.

Refer to the book: Failing to protest when the pigs kept the milk and apples for themselves, the other animals surrendered what power they might have had to pig leadership. Had they been “alert and [known] how to chuck out their leaders”31 once the latter had fulfilled their task, the original spirit of Animal Farm might have been salvaged. 

Page 137:

Conclusion:

Acceptance of the notion of class struggle could not lead to an instant transformation of society unless those who would transform it accepted also the difficult burden of political power, both at the time of and after the revolution. While the most corrupting force on Animal Farm was the deception practiced upon the other animals by the pigs, the greatest danger came from the reluctance of the oppressed creatures to believe in an alternative between porcine and human rule.

Which, the anthropomorphic pigs are a dangerous sign throughout the whole book.

Under my 4th question ‘ The benefits and drawbacks of anthropomorphism’ under this chosen topic, here is my notes based upon reading Claire Molloy’s journals:

ournal: Discourses of Anthropomorphism

http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/5858/1/439070.pdf

Page 3 points out the emotions which are been added to the anthropomorphic animals are mainly working for humans’ interests of state, scientific, and commercial discourses:

Documentaries or films with subjective way of shooting are being controlled by popular culture.

In the other journal written by Malloy Claire, Popular Media and Animals, https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=TCR-DAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false  page 8:

She has also pointed out the representative animals in any media written by humans may not be seen their ‘reality’, their ‘reality’ is being formed through representation. It is working for culture

P12 points out the concept of anthropomorphism has destabilised the boundary between human and non-human.   

P20 points out the anthropomorphism could distant the issue happened within animal rights, instead, they treat them as an over sentimental thing. 

In the following week, I will be concentrating on producing the work to hand-in before the easter:

Categories
Advanced and Experimental 3D computer Animation project 1

Week 5: 3D Previs Update

In this week, I have changed a bit structure of the story narrative after received the feedback from the lecturer. Therefore, I have added a reason for the woman character knows what is hidden in the male character more fluently:

As I decided to let the male character fall over in the beginning of the story to create the chance, here is the main reference video I checked online:

And I found instead of using Banana to slide down the male character, I could use the more common prop– Icecream, left on the ground of the park where they date:

Also, I have added more reaction shot or shot reverse shot into my 3S previs after receiving feedback, which helps audiences to concentrate more on the performance and props of characters.

I have also been told by holding ‘\’ with left mouse bottom, I will be able to zoom out the scene and see things beyond the camera:

I have also been told I can move master control to adjust the position of characters in the animation blocking easily:

Categories
Advanced and Experimental 3D computer Animation project 1

Week 4: 3D Previs Update

In this week I have condensed my 3D Previs from last week, improved the timing and spacing, completing the character bio and fixing some shot compositions through the feedback given by the lecturer.

Here is my more comprehensive character bio:

Here is the shot list I have made before and after the feedback session based on my editing of shots:

The biggest difference between them is the current one gets rid of some confusing shots in the mental imagery:

The changed scale of park benches through scaling down their component at the same time:

As I also develop the composition of the shot, I import the PNG picture of rules of third into my camera:

And indication of how to let the underwear to follow it in the feedback, with my developed shots:

The tip of keep two characters have similar distances to the side of the frame, to create the balance of the shot: