In this week, I have reviewed an online article talking about the ability of children anthropomorphise obejects when they were younger and how they identify things are weather alive:
And here are my noes:
P4
• baillargeon scott, & Bian, 2016: infants treat any non-human agent that displays animate motion patterns as human-like but gradually understand what is alive and what is not
• How children anthropomorphise inanimate objects:
-infants can categorise animates and inanimate by the end of the first year (Rakison & Poulin-Dubois,2001)
-infants can categorise animals and vehicles through dynamic information rather than morphology or color (Caramazza & Shelton, 1998l Leslie, 1994; Mandler, 1992; Premack, 1990)
P8
Young children tend to accurately categorise animals as animate and artifacts as inanimate but struggle to classify plants as living.
P13
• there are a number of cues that have been shown to trigger anthropomorphism and animate judgments toward non-human agents. (Based on how children anthropomorphise, and treat agents as depictions of social agents.)
• 1. Gaze following: following the gaze of an agent is in itself low-level anthropomorphising.
-p15: 2. Goals and intentions:
-p19: Mental States
-p23: Morphology plays an important role in children’s judgements of animacy.
-p23: Learning: A prior research examined weather children can learn from non-human social partners.
-children can recall the non-verbal behaviours such as eye gaze, body positioning and vocal intonation presented by robots. Therefore it’s an essential part of the design.
–robots can trigger the ability of children to improve the language ability through emulating themselves, children can attribute their perceptual abilities to robots to learn novel information.
-p25, imitation: both human and non-human agents can lead to over-imitation in children.
-p26; children are more likely to treat a robot as knowledgeable if it behaves contingently by engaging and looking at them through the communication.
-p27 conclusion: people react to inanimate objects as how they react to people in the same situation. There are a lot of ways to trigger anthropomorphic behavior in infants such as emulating, studying and following their eye-gazing.
-children anthropomorphise robots is dependent upon both the robot’s behaviours and whether the robot has human-like morphology.
“Anthropomorphic behaviors in infants”（婴儿的拟人化行为）是指婴儿在与非人类的对象（如毛绒玩具、动物、物体）互动时，会赋予它们人类的属性或意图的行为。
简而言之，这种行为体现在婴儿把非人类对象当作有生命、有意图的伙伴来看待。比如：
假装玩耍：婴儿可能会把玩具熊“喂饭”，或者和它“说话”，就好像它是个真实的朋友一样。
互动：婴儿会对玩具笑、说话或安抚它，就像它真的能感受情绪一样。
解释物体的行为：比如，如果一个玩具掉了，婴儿可能会说“它生气了”或者“它想走开”。
这种行为是婴儿早期社会认知和情感发展的重要表现：
社交技巧：婴儿通过对物体拟人化，练习与他人互动的模式（比如照顾、安慰）。
同理心：这有助于婴儿发展对他人情感的理解。
想象力：通过给非人类对象赋予人类属性，婴儿在探索和理解世界的过程中发展了象征性思维和创造力。
这种拟人化在儿童发展心理学中很常见，通常在2到4岁左右的假装游戏（pretend play）阶段特别明显。